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1.
Dermatol. argent ; 16(2): 102-108, mar.-abr. 2010. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714929

ABSTRACT

Los virus papiloma humano (HPV) pertenecen a la familia de los Papovaviridae y están ampliamente distribuidos en la naturaleza. Se han identificado más de 130 tipos. Pueden comprometer la piel y mucosas provocando lesiones benignas llamadas verrugas. Algunos tipos se asocian con el desarrollo de procesos malignos epiteliales. La respuesta inmune del huésped cumple un rol importante en el control de la infección. El diagnóstico es esencialmente clínico, pero a veces se recurre al estudio histopatológico de las lesiones o al empleo de técnicas de biología molecular. Existe una variedad de opciones terapéuticas, la mayoría destinada a destruir las lesiones. Últimamente se han desarrollado vacunas preventivas para algunos tipos de HPV y se encuentran en experimentación las vacunas terapéuticas.


The human papillomavirus belongs to the family of the Papillomaviridae. This virus is widely distributed in the nature. More than 130 types have been indentifi ed; they can compromise the skin and mucous membranes provoking benign injuries called warts. Some types of virus are said to be involved in the development of precancerous skin lesions. The host immune response has an important role on controlling the infection. The diagnosis is essentially clinic, nevertheless, sometimes histopathologic study of lesions or molecular biology techniques are needed in order to reach an accurate diagnosis. There is a great variety of treatment options; most of them aim to destroy the lesion. Lately some vaccines have been being developed; these are only for some types of HPV and are still under experimental designs (Dermatol Argent 2010;16(2):102-109).


Subject(s)
Humans , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/therapy , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage , Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/etiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/pathology , Skin Diseases/immunology , Skin Diseases/virology , Papillomaviridae/classification , Papillomaviridae/genetics
2.
Actual. SIDA ; 17(65): 106-111, sept. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-534098

ABSTRACT

La epidemia de VIH en Argentina sigue siendo concentrada - es decir, con una prevalencia en la población general menor al 1% y superior al 5% en alguna población específica - y predominantemente urbana. En este artículo presentamos un análisis de los datos epidemiológicos de la población de residentes de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), diagnosticados durante el período 2003-2008 y notificados a la Coordinación Sida del Ministerio de Salud de la Ciudad. Los resultados muestran que la vía sexual sigue siendo la forma principal de transmisión, con predominio del grupo de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) en la población masculina. La universalización del testeo en embarazadas y una mayor accesibilidad de las mujeres a los servicios de salud podrían haber impactado en el llamado proceso de feminización de la epidemia. El mayor porcentaje de diagnósticos tardíos en la población masculina se observa particularmente en mayores de 50 años y con menor nivel de instrucción, lo que plantea la necesidad de fortalecer las estrategias preventivas y de accesibilidad al testeo en esta población.


Argentina HIV epidemic is a contained and urban epidemic, with a relative slow and stable prevalence. In this paper we analyzed the epidemic profile about Buenos Aires residents for which diagnosis of HIV infection was made between 2003 an 2008 and were notified to the AIDS Programme of the Ministry of Health. Most infections were adquired by sexual transmissions with predominance of men who have sex eith men in the masculine popultaion. Universal HIV testing in pregnancy and facilitate access of women to health services could explain the process of feminization of the epidemy. Predominance of delayed diagnosis in the male population, elder than fifty and with lowest instruction level, suggests the need of enhacing preventive strategies and access to testing in this setting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diagnosis of Health Situation in Specific Groups , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/etiology , Homosexuality, Male , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Pregnancy Tests , Epidemiological Monitoring/statistics & numerical data
3.
An. bras. dermatol ; 84(4): 377-389, jul.-ago. 2009. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-529083

ABSTRACT

The family of human papilloma viruses (HPV) comprises more than 100 genotypes. Approximately 30 of the genotypes are responsible for infections in the human anogenital area. A precisely defined algorithm with the goal of diagnosing and removing HPV for a prolonged or indefinite length of time, as well as to protect the patient from any malignant ransformation, does not currently exist. The identification of HPV strains by PCR or DNA hybridization in lesional tissue provides higher security for the patients. In high-risk patients additional colposcopy, rectoscopy, and rethroscopy/cystoscopy increase the probability of proper diagnosis and the application of a reliable therapeutic strategy. Removal of lesions by means of invasive methods, such as electrodessication, cryosurgery, and/or laser therapy, may be successful and could be combined pre- and postoperatively with the local application of podophyllotoxin, Trichloroacetic acid, 5-fluorouracil epinephrine gel, imiquimod, cidofovir or interferon. The administration of vaccine to young patients prevents to a significant extent the clinical manifestation of the most frequent viral strains, being HPV-6,-11 and -18. The different therapeutic methods must be applied in accordance with the clinical picture, taking into account the patient's general status, the presence of concomitant diseases, as well as the local and systematic compatibility of the side effects of each remedy. The review focuses on the diagnosis and treatment options of sexually transmitted HPV-infections and includes synopsis of the most recent literature regarding new data of epidemiology, pathogenesis, ifferential diagnosis and morphology of HPV infections in humans.


A família de papiloma vírus humano (HPV) compreende mais de 100 genótipos. Aproximadamente 30 dos genótipos são responsáveis pelas infecções na área anogenital em humanos. Não dispomos no momento de um algoritmo precisamente definido tendo como meta o diagnóstico e a remoção de HPV por períodos de tempo prolongados ou indefinidos, nem para proteção do paciente contra transformação maligna. A identificação das cepas de HPV por PCR ou hibridização de DNA em tecido lesional oferece maior segurança para os pacientes. Em pacientes de alto risco realiza-se ainda colposcopia, rectoscopia e uretroscopia/ cistoscopia, aumentando a probabilidade do diagnóstico correto e a aplicação de estratégia terapêutica confiável. A remoção das lesões por meio de métodos invasivos, como a eletrodissecção, criocirurgia, e/ou terapia com laser, pode ser bem sucedida e combinada no pré e no pós-operatório com a aplicação local de toxina podofílica, ácido tricloroacético, gel de epinefrina 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, cidofovir ou interferon. A administração da vacina em pacientes jovens é capaz de previnir as manifestações clínicas das cepas virais mais frequentes, que são HPV-6, -11 e -18. Os diferentes métodos terapêuticos devem ser aplicados de acordo com o quadro clínico, levando em consideração o estado de saúde geral do paciente, a presença de doenças concomitantes, assim como a compatibilidade local e sistêmica dos efeitos adversos em cada remédio. A revisão foca o diagnóstico e as opções de tratamento de infecções por HPV sexualmente transmitidas e inclui uma sinopse da literatura mais recente no que diz respeito aos dados de epidemiologia, patogênese, diagnóstico diferencial e morfologia de infecções por HPV em humanos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Papillomavirus Infections , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral , Diagnosis, Differential , Papillomavirus Infections/diagnosis , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/etiology , Papillomavirus Infections/therapy , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/etiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/therapy
4.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 20(4): 205-207, oct.-dic. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-549486

ABSTRACT

El molusco contagioso es una infección viral que produce lesiones en piel y mucosas características más frecuentes en niños, sin embargo, en el adulto su aparición en el área genital y sitios inusuales, lo cataloga como enfermedad de transmisión sexual. Paciente femenino de 25 años, acude a la consulta por nódulo doloroso en pezón de mama derecha de tres meses de evolución. Antecedentes familiares: dos tías paternas diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama. Al examen físico: área descamativa en areola entre R11-R1 y nódulo doloroso de 4 mm ha dicho nivel, sin signos de flogosis. La ecografía mamaria no reporta lesión. Se realizó la exéresis de nódulo 6 mm blanquecino a través de incisión en base de pezón cuya biopsia reportó infección por molusco contagioso. El molusco contagioso es un virus DNA de la familia de los poxvirus, transmitido por medio de fómites o contacto directo con piel infectada. La lesión típica en piel forma pápulas con umbilicación central de 3 mm a 5 mm de diámetro en tronco, cara y extremidades en los niños, en los adultos en el área genital. Las principales lesiones del pezón son: estructurales, eccematosas, quistes sebáceos e infrecuente los adenomas. Las infecciones del pezón por molusco contagioso son extremadamente raras, así lo demuestra la revisión de casos. La importancia del diagnóstico radica en el control local para reducir contagiosidad, sin embargo, en individuos inmunocompetentes tiene un curso auto limitado.


The molluscum contagiosum is viral infection that produces characteristics papular eruptions in skin and in the mucous membranes. Is more prevalent in children’s although in the adults can infected the genital area, for that reason is knows as a sexual transmitted disease. A 25 years old female patient who referred us painful nodule in her right nipple, the apparition of this nodule was observed three months ago. The familiar antecedents in this patient were: Two paternal aunties with diagnosis of breast cancer. In the physical examination we found: In the scale area between radial 11 and 1 of the areola a 4 mm size painful nodule at the same level. The breast ultrasound study was normal. The lesion excision was made through nipple incision and the biopsy reports: Molluscum contagiosum infection. The molluscum contagiosum is a DNA virus of the poxvirus family; the transmission requires a direct contact with infected hosts or for the contaminated fomites. The common lesion found is self limited 3 mm to 5 mm with papular eruptions in the skin with central umbilicated surface in face, body and in the extremities in children’s and in genitalia in the adults patients. The main nipple lesions are: Structural abnormalities, eczema, sebaceous cysts and uncommon adenomas. The nipple molluscum contagiosum infections are extremely rare. It is important make the diagnosis for the reduction of the transmissibility, and although is self limited in immunocompetents individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Molluscum Contagiosum/diagnosis , Molluscum Contagiosum/pathology , Nipples/abnormalities , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/etiology , Medical Oncology , Virus Diseases/pathology
5.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-285237

ABSTRACT

A infecção por HPV é extremamente prevalente e transformou-se em queixa frequente tanto na prática ginecológica como em outras especialidades, como dermatologia, urologia e proctologia. O objetivo deste trabalho é esclarecer sobre este agente viral. A compreensão de sua importância é fundamental tanto para o controle e erradicação de outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, entre as quais a infecção pelo HIV, quanto para o controle do câncer do colo uterino, uma neoplasia frequente, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento como é o caso do Brasil


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/etiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/etiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral/prevention & control
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